AKI (Anti-Knock Index): the number on every US pump

Short answer

AKI, the Anti-Knock Index, is the octane number shown on US and Canadian pumps, printed as (R+M)/2. It's the average of RON and MON, and it's required by US federal rule to appear on a yellow pump sticker.

In this entry
  1. What AKI is
  2. Why it's on the pump by law
  3. Regular, Midgrade and Premium
  4. The altitude exception
  5. Where AKI is used
  6. On FuelTheGuide
  7. Questions and answers
  8. Sources

What AKI is

Anti-Knock Index (AKI) is the octane number posted on every fuel pump in the United States and Canada. It's the average of two separate lab measurements, Research Octane Number (RON) and Motor Octane Number (MON), taken under different test conditions.

AKI exists because it's the specific figure US and Canadian regulation requires retailers to display, not because it measures anything RON and MON don't already capture between them.

AKI = (RON + MON) ÷ 2

Printed on US and Canadian pumps as (R+M)/2. Full detail on the two tests it averages is in RON and AKI.

Why it's on the pump by law

AKI isn't just a convention; it's a specific line item in US federal rules for how fuel must be labelled.

Required by law at the pump

In the United States, a federal rule requires every pump to display a yellow octane sticker showing the AKI figure as (R+M)/2. It's one of the few places a fuel quality number is a legal labelling requirement rather than just a marketing figure.

Regular, Midgrade and Premium

US and Canadian pumps generally offer three grades, named for what they're for rather than their exact number.

US grade names and their AKI figures

Grade name
AKI
Who it's for
Regular
87
The standard grade most vehicles are designed for.
Midgrade (Plus)
88–89
Less common at the pump; mainly for vehicles that call for something between Regular and Premium.
Premium
91–93
Required by some higher-compression and turbocharged engines; optional for most others.

The altitude exception

The AKI number for Regular isn't fixed nationwide.

Regular can mean 85 AKI in the mountains

Thinner air at high altitude reduces engine knock, so some fuel retailers in Rocky Mountain states sell an 85 AKI Regular grade instead of 87. It's a legal, intentional regional variation, not a mislabelled pump.

Where AKI is used

AKI is a regional convention, not a universal one.

United States
AKI on every grade, required at the pump by federal rule.
Canada
AKI as well, following the same convention as the US.
Most of the rest of the world
RON instead; see RON and AKI for how the two scales compare.
See RON and AKI for how the two scales compare

How this shows up on FuelTheGuide

We show US and Canadian prices with their own AKI grade names, not converted onto the RON scale, so the number matches what the pump in that country actually displays.

United States and Canada
Regular AKI 87 Midgrade AKI 89 Premium AKI 91–93

We label these prices with their US grade names, not converted to RON, so they match what a US or Canadian pump actually shows.

Questions and answers

Is a higher AKI number always a better fuel?

Not in a way that matters for most drivers. It means the fuel resists knock better at a given compression and timing, not that it holds more energy or improves general engine performance. Use the grade your manufacturer specifies.

Why do some US regions sell 85 AKI instead of 87 as Regular?

At high altitude, thinner air reduces the knock tendency of petrol, so some states in the Rocky Mountains allow 85 AKI as the standard Regular grade. It is a legal regional variation tied to altitude, not a lower-quality product. The US DOE fueleconomy.gov addresses altitude and octane and confirms that most modern vehicles run normally on 85 AKI at elevation.

Does AKI apply to diesel?

No. Diesel quality is rated by cetane number, which measures ignition quality under compression rather than knock resistance. AKI and RON are petrol-only ratings.

Is the (R+M)/2 sticker the same everywhere in the US?

The formula is federal, so the calculation is the same nationwide, but the actual number on the sticker can vary slightly by region and by season because refiners adjust the blend. The number shown is what the pump is dispensing at that moment.

Sources and further reading